Wednesday, May 3, 2017

Totalitarianism: Hitler

Terms:

Nazism
Mein Kampf
Hitler Youth
Fuhrer
Enabling Act
Nuremberg Laws

Questions:


  • Why was Hitler's approach to fascism more extreme than Mussolini's?
  • Why were conditions in Germany between the wars ripe for the rise of a leader like Hitler?
  • Why was Hitler so popular among Germany's youth?
  • After he was elected chancellor, how did Hitler ensure that he would remain in power?
  • In what ways did Hitler's approach to governing become more extreme after he had secured power?

Totalitarianism: Mussolini

Terms:

Mussolini
Black Shirts
Lateran Agreement


Questions:


  • What situations upset the Italian citizens enough to make them support a leader like Mussolini?
  • When discussing how Mussolini assumed power, the textbook puts the word "legally" in quotations.  Why is the legality of his rise to power up for debate?
  • What strategies did Mussolini implement to turn Italy into a Totalitarian state?
  • What were the limits to Mussolini's totalitarianism (especially when compared to the Soviet Union and Germany)?

Thursday, April 27, 2017

Totalitarianism Part I: Overview and Stalin

Terms:

Totalitarianism
Fascism
Five Year Plan
New Economic Policy (NEP)
Joseph Stalin
Kulaks
The Great Purge

Questions:

What is the difference between totalitarianism and older authoritarian governments (like absolutism)?

Why do you think fascism arose specifically in Italy and Germany?

Why did Lenin need to institute the New Economic Policy (NEP)?

Why did the Five Year Plans fail?

How did Communism in Russia affect average people (particularly women)?

In what ways did Stalin take extreme measures to maintain control of the government?

Sunday, April 23, 2017

Democracy in the Interwar Period

Chapter 28 Part II

Terms

Weimar Republic
Freikorps
Spartacists
John Maynard Keynes
"stab in the back" theory
Kapp Putsch
Ruhr Crisis
Beer Hall Putsch
Dawes Plan
Locarno Pact
Kellogg-Briand Pact
1926 General Strike
Labour Party

Questions

In what ways did the Weimar Republic experience challenges from both the left and the right?  Why were both sides opposed to the new Weimar government?  Why did the Treaty of Versailles contribute to the opposition of the Weimar Republic?

Describe the economic problems that the Weimar Republic faced.  How did France and Britain's opinions about the treatment of Germany differ?

In what ways did Germany begin to improve its relations with Europe by the late 1920s?

How, in general, was France and England's economy fairing in the 1920s?

Wednesday, April 19, 2017

The Great Depression

Questions:

How did the World War I economy/production eventually lead to the Great Depression?

Why didn't the Hawley-Smoot Tariff work?

What plan did the US implement to curb the effects of the Great Depression?  To what extent did countries like France and Britain follow suit?

Why was Scandinavia more successful in recovering from the Depression?

Age of Anxiety

No Terms - YAY!

Questions:

Describe logical empiricism and existentialism, and explain how both of these ideas contribute to the age of anxiety.  Be sure to explain the specific views of some of these philosophers (i.e. Jean-Paul Sartre argued...).

How did Christian existentialists differ from atheist existentialists?

Explain how the ideas of scientists like Max Planck and Albert Einstein led to uncertainty in science.

How did the literature of the interwar period differ from that of the late 19th century?  How does this reflect the uncertainty of the times?

Lastly, name a few examples of artists and musicians that reflected this anxiety in their work (do you see a common thread here)?


Sunday, March 26, 2017

The end of World War I

Terms:

14 points
League of Nations
"Big Four"
Versailles Treaty
War guilt clause


Questions:

How does Woodrow Wilson imagine ending the First World War?  How can his 14 points be seen as liberal?  Why did he think this would prevent future conflict?  In what way were his 14 points unsuccessful?

Why might the attenders of the Paris Peace Conference along with their decisions reached through the Treaty of Versailles act to fuel the tensions leading to World War II?

Thursday, March 23, 2017

The Russian Revolution

Terms
Bolsheviks
Mensheviks
VI Lenin
Leon Trotsky
February Revolution
Rasputin
Provisional Government
Alexander Kerensky
Petrograd Soviet
Army Order #1
October Revolution
Cheka
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
War Communism

Questions

What were the various reasons why the Russian people wanted to overthrow Tsar Nicholas II?

How did the provisional government differ from the Duma?  Why did the Petrograd Soviet also emerge?

What was Army Order #1? How might this have contributed to the fall of the provisional government?

How do the Bolsheviks prevail in overthrowing the provisional government?  What are the various ways the Bolsheviks work to maintain power?

How and why does Lenin end Russia's involvement in WWI so quickly?

What are the reasons why the Bolsheviks were successful in the Russian Civil War?  Why weren't the Allies successfully able to help the "Whites"?

Wednesday, March 22, 2017

World War I Part II

Terms

Franz Ferdinand
Black Hand
Schlieffen Plan
First Battle of the Marne
Trench Warfare
Battle of the Somme
Battle of Verdun
Tannenburg
Allied Naval Blockade
Lusitania

Questions

Why was Kaiser Wilhelm II so ready and willing to assist Austria against Serbia?

What was the reason for the domino-like pattern of war declarations in 1914?

What was the Schieffen Plan and why did it fail?

How does trench warfare affect the course of war and how are Verdun and the Somme good examples of this?

How was the naval blockade successful against Germany?

Why was the sinking of the Lusitania a pivotal moment for shaping the course of war?

Thursday, March 16, 2017

The Outbreak of World War I

Terms

League of Three Emperors
Dual Alliance
Triple Alliance
Russian-German Reinsurance Treaty
Britain "Splendid Isolation"
Anglo-Japanese Alliance
Entente Cordiale
Triple Entente
Dreadnoughts
Kruger Telegram
Algeciras Conference/First Moroccan Crisis
Second Moroccan Crisis
Pan-Slavism
First Balkan Crisis
First Balkan War
Second Balkan War

Questions:

Identify the major alliances Bismarck fashioned in the late 19th century.  Why did he enter into so many?

Why did Britain end its period of isolationism in Europe?

Why did Germany feel the need to industrialize/militarize so quickly in the late 19th century?  How does Britain respond to them?

How do the First and Second Moroccan crises show the changing relationship between France and Britain?  What causes them to get along better?

Why is there crisis in the Balkans and what does it have to do with Turkey?  How does Serbia feel about Austria and Bulgaria by the end of these conflicts?  Why is Russia invested in this conflict?

Thursday, March 2, 2017

Italian and German Unification

Terms:

Giuseppe Mazzini/Young Italy
Vincenzo Gioberti
Count Cavour
Pope Pius IX/Syllabus of Errors
Giuseppe Garibaldi/Red Shirts

Questions:

To what extent did nationalism play a role in both Italian and German unification?  Use specific examples from both.

Friday, February 24, 2017

Industrial Revolution Part in Continental Europe


No Terms.  Questions:

Why did other countries in continental Europe lag behind England in industrialization?

Once they did industrialize, how did the governments of certain continental European countries aid industrialization (give examples)?

Monday, February 13, 2017

The Industrial Revolution in England

No Terms (yay!)

Questions:


Why was England the pioneer of the Industrial Revolution?  What sort of advantages did it have over other countries?


What prompted the shift to factories from the cottage industry?


Why did the factories initially experience problems with fueling/energy, and how specifically did steam power solve this?

Wednesday, January 25, 2017

The Napoleonic Wars

Terms:

War of Third Coalition/Battle of Trafalgar
Battle of Austerlitz
Treaty of Tilsit
Confederation of the Rhine
Continental System
Peninsular War
Russian Campaign
War of the Fourth Coalition/Battle of Leipzig
"First" vs. "Second" Treaty of Paris
Congress of Vienna
German Confederation
Hundred Days/Waterloo

Questions:

Why does Napoleon institute the Continental System on England after its victory in the War of the Third Coalition?

What was Napoleon's motivation for the Russian campaign, and how might it have impacted the War of the Fourth Coalition?

(You did not read about the Congress of Vienna, but we will talk about it in class):  How do you think the leaders of Prussia, Russia, Austria, and Britain will want to treat France and reestablish peace in Europe following Napoleon's abdication?

Wednesday, January 18, 2017

The Reign of Terror

Terms

National Convention
The Mountain
Girondins
San-culottes
Charlotte Corday
Committee of Public Safety
Law of Maximum
Reign of Terror
Law of Suspects
Jacques Hebert
Cult of the Supreme Being
Thermodorian Reaction
The Directory
Coup d'Etat Brumaire
plebiscite

Questions

What are the new factions that emerge among the Jacobins in the National Convention? How does this show the revolution taking an even more radical turn?

Who are the sans-culottes and why are they an important influence on the National Convention?

How does the Committee of Public Safety work to bring about economic change and work to strengthen the military?

How did the Reign of Terror work to control internal opposition?

How does the Thermidorian Reaction respond to the radical and anarchistic nature of the Reign of Terror?

How did the Directory work?  To what extent was it effective?

How is the Directory overthrown?

The Rise of Napoleon

Napoleonic Code
Concordat of 1801


Questions:

How does the Napoleonic Code solidify some of the important achievements of the Revolution?

Why does Napoleon issue a Concordat with the church?  How might it have made more people support him?

Describe the outcome of the War of the Second Coalition.  What are Napoleon's goals?  Was he successful?

The Reign of Terror


Tuesday, December 30, 2014

Chapter 22 Part II

Why did other countries in continental Europe lag behind England in industrialization?

Once they did industrialize, how did the governments of certain continental European countries aid industrialization (give examples)?

Video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eg9jdHE5GbA&feature=youtu.be

Chapter 22 Part III

Questions:

There is some historical debate about whether living standards improved or declined for the working class during the Industrial Revolution.  Present evidence for each.

What were some of the earliest reform efforts during the Industrial Revolution?  Were they successful?

How did the Industrial Revolution contribute to a great sexual division of labor?

Videos:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=333NJwfAX9k&feature=youtu.be

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JwZpN3_vACw&feature=youtu.be

Friday, December 19, 2014

Chapter 22 Part I

Questions:

Why was England the pioneer of the Industrial Revolution?  What sort of advantages did it have over other countries?

What prompted the shift to factories from the cottage industry?

Why did the factories initially experience problems with fueling/energy, and how specifically did steam power solve this?

Videos:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WUHqPRgF_H0&feature=youtu.be

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIxql0G86yQ&feature=youtu.be

Sunday, December 14, 2014

Chapter 21 Part VI

Terms:

War of Third Coalition/Battle of Trafalgar
Battle of Austerlitz
Treaty of Tilsit
Confederation of the Rhine
Continental System
Peninsular War
Russian Campaign
War of the Fourth Coalition/Battle of Leipzig
"First" vs. "Second" Treaty of Paris
Congress of Vienna
German Confederation
Hundred Days/Waterloo

Questions:

Why does Napoleon institute the Continental System on England after its victory in the War of the Third Coalition?

What was Napoleon's motivation for the Russian campaign, and how might it have impacted the War of the Fourth Coalition?

(You did not read about the Congress of Vienna, but we will talk about it in class):  How do you think the leaders of Prussia, Russia, Austria, and Britain will want to treat France and reestablish peace in Europe following Napoleon's abdication?




Videos:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NbI7IOHO09s&feature=youtu.be
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N7s7rlDsfpA&feature=youtu.be
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5kV2yByg-LA&feature=youtu.be
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MlLPp8BW1jg&feature=youtu.be

Sunday, December 7, 2014

Chapter 21 Part V

Terms:

Napoleonic Code
Concordat of 1801
War of Second Coalition (look up)

Questions:

How does the Napoleonic Code solidify some of the important achievements of the Revolution?

Why does Napoleon issue a Concordat with the church?  How might it have made more people support him?

Describe the outcome of the War of the Second Coalition.  What are Napoleon's goals?  Was he successful?

Videos:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbNCSC4i4XI&list=UU2TUxTx43GU5x_sdpaOcMtQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OZnSPAzZCu0&feature=youtu.be

Chapter 21 Part IV

Terms

National Convention
The Mountain
Girondins
San-culottes
Charlotte Corday
Committee of Public Safety
Law of Maximum
Reign of Terror
Law of Suspects
Jacques Hebert
Cult of the Supreme Being
Thermodorian Reaction
The Directory
Coup d'Etat Brumaire
plebiscite

Questions

What are the new factions that emerge among the Jacobins in the National Convention? How does this show the revolution taking an even more radical turn?

Who are the sans-culottes and why are they an important influence on the National Convention?

How does the Committee of Public Safety work to bring about economic change and work to strengthen the military?

How did the Reign of Terror work to control internal opposition?

How does the Thermidorian Reaction respond to the radical and anarchistic nature of the Reign of Terror?

How did the Directory work?  To what extent was it effective?

How is the Directory overthrown?

Monday, January 9, 2017

French Revolution Abroad

Terms:

  • Edmund Burke
  • John Locke
  • Legislative Assembly
  • Jacobins
  • Girondins
  • Declaration of Pillnitz
  • War of the First Coalition
  • Brunswick Manifesto
  • Paris Commune
  • September Massacres

Questions:

Why did Edmund Burke and John Locke have such contrasting views about the French Revolution?  What might this suggest about the overall strength of the Revolution and its connection to the Enlightenment?

Why were factions arising among the Legislative Assembly?  Briefly describe the Jacobins and the Girondins.

Why does France begin to go to war with other countries during this time?

How does war affect the French population's view of the king?

How does the Revolutionary government become even more radical during this time (consider the Paris Commune and the September Massacres)?

(Some material comes from outside of the book--you may have to look up some terms to answer them).

Thursday, January 5, 2017

Early Stages of the French Revolution

Terms

  • Storming of the Bastille
  • "Great Fear"
  • Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
  • Women's March to Versailles
  • Civil Constitution of the Clergy
  • "Refractory Clergy"
  • 83 Departments (look up)
  • Assignats
  • "Flight to Varennes" (look up)
  • Olympe de Gouges - The Rights of Woman
  • Mary Wollstonecraft -- Vindication of the Rights of Woman


Questions

What prompts the storming of the Bastille?  What are the fears of the people?

How were the National Assembly's August 4th Resolutions a reaction to the Great Fear?

What were the provisions of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?

What did the women's march to Versailles accomplish?

How does the National Assembly change religion during this time?  How do the French people react to it?

How does the National Assembly reorganize France when it sets up a constitutional monarchy?

Why is it significant that Olympe de Gouges and Mary Wollstonecraft make contributions to the revolutionary rhetoric?

Tuesday, January 3, 2017

The French Revolution Part I: Causes and Early Stages

Terms to Identify:

  • Louis XV
  • First Estate
  • Second Estate
  • Third Estate
  • Corvee
  • Bourgeoisie
  • Assembly of Notables
  • Estates General
  • Cahiers (look up)
  • What is the Third Estate?
  • National Assembly
  • Tennis Court Oath


Questions:

Describe the Old Order of French Society (First, Second, and Third Estates).  Why might developments in the 18th century have increasingly broken down this system?

What caused the major financial mismanagement of the French crown?

What prompted the summoning of the Estates General?

How/why did the Estates General transition into the National Assembly?  Why was the Third Estate dissatisfied with the previously established system?